Volunteering History*

Ride Date Event Group Distance Region
2006-05-13 Sorrento Kelowna Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2006-05-27 Avola 400 (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2007-05-12 Sorrento 300 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2007-05-26 Cariboo Circuit Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2008-05-31 Grass and Rivers Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2008-08-30 Kamloops Kootenay (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2009-05-16 Merritt Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2009-05-30 Highway to Helmeken (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2010-05-29 Interior 400 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2010-08-28 Blue River (organizer) Make-up Brevets 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2010-08-28 Little Fort Clinton (organizer) Make-up Brevets 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2010-09-04 Kootenay Rocky (organizer) 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2011-04-23 A River Runs Through It (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2011-07-09 Williams Lake (organizer) Make-up Brevets 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2011-07-09 Sicamous Revelstoke (organizer) Make-up Brevets 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2011-07-09 Sicamous Vernon (organizer) Make-up Brevets 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2011-07-09 A River Runs Through It (organizer) Make-up Brevets 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2012-04-21 Tour DeMilles (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2012-07-07 Interior Make Up 600 - Sorrento start (organizer) Make-up Brevets 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2012-07-07 Interior Make Up 400 - Sorrento start (organizer) Make-up Brevets 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2012-07-07 Interior Make Up 300 - Sorrento start (organizer) Make-up Brevets 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2012-07-07 Interior Make Up 200 - Sorrento start (organizer) Make-up Brevets 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2013-05-11 Brookmere 300 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2013-05-29 Kamloops Kootenay (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2013-06-29 Barkerville 1000 (organizer) 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2013-07-20 Sorrento Brevet Weekend (organizer) Make-up Brevets 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2013-07-20 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2013-07-20 Sorrento Brevet Weekend (organizer) Make-up Brevets 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2013-07-20 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2013-09-18 North Shuswap 200 (organizer) 6-pack 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2013-09-19 Kamloops 200 Week #4 (organizer) 6-pack 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2014-04-19 Pritchard Plummet (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2014-05-10 Mica Dam (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2014-08-09 (organizer) 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2014-08-09 Sorrento Brevet Weekend 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2014-08-09 Sorrento Brevet Weekend (organizer) Make-up Brevets 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2014-08-09 Sorrento Brevet Weekend (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2014-09-27 Hardly a Ramble (2) (organizer) 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2015-04-25 A Ferry Tale (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2015-05-09 Controle Freak (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2015-06-06 Princeton Clockwise (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2015-06-20 Blue River 600 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2015-06-20 Mara-Pillar 200 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2015-07-04 Loopy Interior (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2015-09-26 Tour Demilles (organizer) 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2016-04-23 Tour Demilles (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2016-05-14 Controle Freak (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2016-07-01 Southern Rambles Spring Brevet Series 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2016-07-25 Rocky Mountain Rocky Mountain 1200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2016-09-10 Mabel in the Middle (organizer) 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2017-04-22 North Shuswap (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2017-05-13 Westside (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2017-05-27 Interlakes 400 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2017-06-10 Valemont 600 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2017-09-09 Dam to Dam to Dam (organizer) 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2018-04-21 It's hardly a ramble if we start in Penticton (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2018-05-12 Crazy 8 300 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2018-05-26 Interlakes 400 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2018-06-09 Monashee 600 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2018-09-01 Loopy Interior, Tried and True (organizer) 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2019-04-20 Logan Lake Loop Clockwise (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2019-05-25 Highway to Helmcken with Batman (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2019-06-08 Princeton Loop Clockwise (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2019-06-22 Sorrento-Oliver 600 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2019-06-22 Makeup 400 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2019-06-22 Makeup 300 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2019-06-22 Lumpy 200 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2019-06-29 Hilly McHillface (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2020-07-04 Mabel in The Middle (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2020-07-18 Crazy 8 300 (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2020-08-01 Mabel Lake 400 (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2020-08-15 Logan Lake - Sicamous 600 (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2020-09-04 Go For The Goat! (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 1002 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2020-09-26 A River Runs Through It (organizer) 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2021-06-19 Mabel in the Middle (organizer) 204 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2021-07-10 Crazy 8 300 (organizer) 302 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2021-07-24 Highway to Helmcken 400 (organizer) 404 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2021-08-14 Blue River (organizer) 607 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2021-09-03 Chase Kootenay (organizer) 1002 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2021-09-11 SI ACP Centennial 200 (organizer) 204 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2021-09-25 Duckstrong 200 (organizer) 202 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2022-03-26 SI Early Bird 200 A River Runs Through It (organizer) 204 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2022-04-16 Shuswap Shorelines (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 203 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2022-05-21 Mabel the Duck (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 406 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2022-06-04 Cinq Cinquante (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 604 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2022-06-11 SI ACP Centenary 300 (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 301 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2022-07-16 SI Summer 400 (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 403 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2022-08-06 Blue River (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 607 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2022-09-17 SI Sept 1000 (organizer) 1004 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2022-09-25 SI Sept 200 209 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2023-03-25 SI Early Bird 200 (organizer) 202 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2023-05-20 Mabel Lake 400 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 406 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2023-06-03 SI Spring 600 Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2023-06-17 SI Mica (Summer) 300 (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 301 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2023-06-17 SI Mica 200 (organizer) 202 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2023-07-22 ACP Centenary Highway to Helmcken (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 404 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2023-08-05 SI Summer 600 (organizer) Summer Brevet Series 601 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2023-09-23 CANCELLED SI Fall 200 (organizer) 203 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2023-09-30 CANCELLED Gravel Permanent -- Skimiken-Skmana (organizer) 104 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2024-03-23 Early Bird 200 (organizer) 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2024-05-04 SI Spring 300 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 304 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2024-05-18 SI Spring 400 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 402 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2024-06-01 SI Spring 600 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 607 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2024-06-08 Princeton Loop 600 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 605 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2024-06-08 Kingfisher 400 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 401 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2024-06-08 Crazy 8 300 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 301 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2024-06-08 River Duck 200 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 201 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2024-09-14 SI September 1000 (organizer) 1002 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2024-09-28 SI September 200 (organizer) 203 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2025-03-29 SI Early Bird 200 (organizer) 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2025-04-12 SI Spring 200 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2025-05-10 SI Spring 300 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2025-05-17 SI Spring 400 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2025-05-31 SI Spring 600 (organizer) Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2025-06-07 SI Make-Up 400 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2025-06-07 SI Make-Up 600 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2025-06-07 SI Make-Up 300 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)
2025-06-07 SI Make-Up 200 (organizer) Make-up Brevets 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621)

Brevet Results

Ride Date Event Type Group Dist. Region Homolgation Time Bicycle Class Sortable time
2024-09-28 SI September 200 ACPB 203 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 967270 10:29 Single 37740
2024-09-14 SI September 1000 ACPB 1002 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 23603 62:28 Single 224880
2024-08-24 LM August 600 Fraser Valley ACPB 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Lower Mainland (011602) 167406 35:44 Single 128640
2024-06-20 Van Isle RM VanIsle 1204 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 19638 84:09 Single 302940
2024-06-08 Princeton Loop 600 ACPB Make-up Brevets 605 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 167394 35:29 VP Single 127740
2024-06-01 SI Spring 600 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 607 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 167393 34:32 Single 124320
2024-05-18 SI Spring 400 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 402 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 215701 19:20 VP Single 69600
2024-05-04 SI Spring 300 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 304 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 334503 12:52 Single 46320
2024-04-13 Kootenay Lake 200 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 966880 8:12 Single 29520
2024-03-23 Early Bird 200 ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 966810 7:39 Single 27540
2023-10-14 AGM 200 ACPB 201 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 914457 9:54 Single 35640
2023-08-05 SI Summer 600 ACPB Summer Brevet Series 601 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) DNF Single 999999998
2023-07-22 ACP Centenary Highway to Helmcken ACPB Summer Brevet Series 404 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 206161 19:24 Single 69840
2023-07-15 SI Summer 200 ACPB Summer Brevet Series 203 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 914396 8:10 Single 29400
2023-06-23 Inverness 1200 RM 1200 Audax UK (012001) 83:25 Single 300300
2023-06-17 SI Mica (Summer) 300 ACPB Summer Brevet Series 301 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 314798 12:26 Single 44760
2023-06-03 SI Spring 600 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 158135 34:38 Single 124680
2023-05-20 Mabel Lake 400 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 406 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 194510 16:05 Single 57900
2023-05-06 Kaslo-Syringa 300 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 310334 11:47 Single 42420
2023-04-15 SI Spring 200 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 202 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 899068 8:13 Single 29580
2023-03-25 SI Early Bird 200 ACPB 202 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 899044 7:50 Single 28200
2022-09-25 SI Sept 200 ACPB 209 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 856606 8:23 Single 30180
2022-09-17 SI Sept 1000 ACPB 1004 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 19886 59:50 Single 215400
2022-08-13 VI Aug 1000 ACPB Summer Brevet Series 1002 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 19898 62:04 Single 223440
2022-08-06 Blue River ACPB Summer Brevet Series 607 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 144957 25:28 Single 91680
2022-07-16 SI Summer 400 ACPB Summer Brevet Series 403 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 183195 16:50 Single 60600
2022-07-02 SI Summer 200 ACPB Summer Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 856566 8:47 Single 31620
2022-06-11 SI ACP Centenary 300 ACPB Summer Brevet Series 301 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 283764 12:01 VP Single 43260
2022-06-04 Cinq Cinquante ACPB Spring Brevet Series 604 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 139359 25:29 Single 91740
2022-05-21 Mabel the Duck ACPB Spring Brevet Series 406 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 177272 15:54 Single 57240
2022-05-14 Loopy Lower Mainland 1000 ACPB 1001 BC Randonneurs CC - Lower Mainland (011602) DNF Single 999999998
2022-05-07 SI Spring 300 Kaslo-Fauquier ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 279687 12:46 Single 45960
2022-04-16 Shuswap Shorelines ACPB Spring Brevet Series 203 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 675817 8:57 Single 32220
2022-03-26 SI Early Bird 200 A River Runs Through It ACPB 204 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 675737 9:31 Single 34260
2021-09-25 Duckstrong 200 ACPB 202 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 796349 9:40 Single 34800
2021-09-11 SI ACP Centennial 200 ACPB 204 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 796352 7:50 Single 28200
2021-09-03 Chase Kootenay ACPB 1002 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 61:21 Single 220860
2021-08-14 Blue River ACPB 607 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 133671 25:44 Single 92640
2021-07-24 Highway to Helmcken 400 ACPB 404 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 173261 17:15 Single 62100
2021-07-10 Crazy 8 300 ACPB 302 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 267328 13:56 Single 50160
2021-06-19 Mabel in the Middle ACPB 204 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 785239 8:27 Single 30420
2020-09-26 A River Runs Through It ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 757573 8:43 Single 31380
2020-09-04 Go For The Goat! ACPB Summer Brevet Series 1002 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 17581 59:26 Single 213960
2020-08-15 Logan Lake - Sicamous 600 ACPB Summer Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 129065 33:32 Single 120720
2020-08-01 Mabel Lake 400 ACPB Summer Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 167404 19:20 Single 69600
2020-07-18 Crazy 8 300 ACPB Summer Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 257532 12:51 Single 46260
2020-07-04 Mabel in The Middle ACPB Summer Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 754430 8:13 Single 29580
2019-11-11 11th Hour ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Lower Mainland (011602) 730904 10:19 Single 37140
2019-09-28 OK Lakes and Trails 200 ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 725116 9:49 Single 35340
2019-08-18 Paris-Brest-Paris 2019 RM Paris-Brest-Paris 1200 Audax Club Parisien (750128) 71:39 Single 257940
2019-06-29 Hilly McHillface ACPB Spring Brevet Series 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 16648 57:52 Single 208320
2019-06-22 Lumpy 200 ACPB Make-up Brevets 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 672377 9:52 Single 35520
2019-06-08 Princeton Loop Clockwise ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 123178 34:09 Single 122940
2019-05-25 Highway to Helmcken with Batman ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 159683 16:39 Single 59940
2019-05-11 Up 'n Over 'n Over Again ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 245882 13:14 Single 47640
2019-04-20 Logan Lake Loop Clockwise ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 707546 8:17 Single 29820
2019-04-05 Gambler's 1000 ACPB 1000 Humboldt Randonneurs (905176) 60:43 Single 218580
2018-10-13 Border Runner ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Lower Mainland (011602) 657760 10:24 Single 37440
2018-09-15 OK Lakes and Trails ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 653426 8:39 Single 31140
2018-09-01 Loopy Interior, Tried and True ACPB 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) DNF Single 999999998
2018-06-23 The Long Run ACPB Spring Brevet Series 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Lower Mainland (011602) 14400 62:03 Single 223380
2018-06-09 Monashee 600 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 107020 37:08 Single 133680
2018-05-26 Interlakes 400 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 141476 21:11 Single 76260
2018-05-12 Crazy 8 300 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 218002 12:54 Single 46440
2018-04-21 It's hardly a ramble if we start in Penticton ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 637522 10:30 Single 37800
2018-04-14 Sunshine Coast 200 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Lower Mainland (011602) 631114 9:46 Single 35160
2017-09-09 Dam to Dam to Dam ACPB 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 204751 12:04 VP Single 43440
2017-07-30 London Edinburgh RM London-Edinburough-London 1400 Audax UK (012001) 103:54 Single 374040
2017-06-24 Peace to Parliament 200 ACPB Randos Go Touring 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 580279 7:57 Single 28620
2017-06-21 Williams Lake to Tsawwassen ACPB Randos Go Touring 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Lower Mainland (011602) 98316 33:22 Single 120120
2017-06-19 Mackenzie - WIlliams Lake ACPB Randos Go Touring 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 131245 18:30 Single 66600
2017-06-18 Fort St John - Mackenzie Junction ACPB Randos Go Touring 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Peace River (011641) 202762 13:10 Single 47400
2017-06-10 Valemont 600 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 97853 33:02 Single 118920
2017-05-27 Interlakes 400 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 130732 20:20 Single 73200
2017-05-13 Westside ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 198010 15:18 Single 55080
2017-04-22 North Shuswap ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 572156 7:41 Single 27660
2016-10-01 Edison Coffee Run (AGM 200) ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Lower Mainland (011602) 534694 10:45 Single 38700
2016-09-10 Mabel in the Middle ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 533735 8:27 Single 30420
2016-07-01 Southern Rambles ACPB Spring Brevet Series 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 11381 62:41 Single 225660
2016-06-17 Cascades 1200 - Mt. Vernon Start RM Cascade 1200 1200 Seattle International Randonneurs (947018) 89:40 Single 322800
2016-06-11 Valemount ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 89875 34:30 Single 124200
2016-05-28 Mabel Lake ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 119410 18:30 Single 66600
2016-05-14 Controle Freak ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 182440 11:35 Single 41700
2016-04-23 Tour Demilles ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 519884 7:54 Single 28440
2015-09-26 Tour Demilles ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 481151 8:24 Single 30240
2015-08-16 Paris-Brest RM Paris-Brest-Paris 1200 Audax Club Parisien (750128) 74:42 Single 268920
2015-07-04 Loopy Interior ACPB Spring Brevet Series 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 10681 59:40 Single 214800
2015-06-20 Mara-Pillar 200 ACPB Make-up Brevets 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 473697 9:13 Single 33180
2015-06-06 Princeton Clockwise ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 85837 35:45 Single 128700
2015-05-23 Highway to Helmcken ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 112296 17:15 Single 62100
2015-05-09 Controle Freak ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 171794 12:56 Single 46560
2015-04-25 A Ferry Tale ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 472218 9:15 Single 33300
2015-04-16 Ride for Gold ACPB Eau de Hell 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 80178 29:48 Single 107280
2015-04-14 Coastal Goat Chase ACPB Eau de Hell 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 106936 17:09 Single 61740
2015-04-12 Parks and Trees ACPB Eau de Hell 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 162185 12:59 Single 46740
2015-04-11 Tour of the Cowichan Valley ACPB Eau de Hell 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 459986 8:34 Single 30840
2014-09-27 Hardly a Ramble (2) ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 432819 9:15 Single 33300
2014-09-06 Barkerville 1000 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9997 60:53 Single 219180
2014-08-09 Sorrento Brevet Weekend ACPB Make-up Brevets 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 74967 39:48 Single 143280
2014-07-14 VanIsle 1200 RM VanIsle 1200 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 7553 67:00 Single 241200
2014-06-21 Cascades 1200 RM Cascade 1200 1200 Seattle International Randonneurs (947018) 86:30 Single 311400
2014-06-07 Nimpomaniac ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 74387 36:35 Single 131700
2014-05-24 Cariboo Loop 400 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 98078 19:30 Single 70200
2014-05-10 Mica Dam ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 150872 15:34 VP Single 56040
2014-04-19 Pritchard Plummet ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 418216 9:55 VP Single 35700
2013-09-21 Kamloops 200 Week #6 ACPB 6-pack 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 392720 10:38 Single 38280
2013-09-20 Kamloops 200 Week #5 ACPB 6-pack 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 392715 8:44 Single 31440
2013-09-19 Kamloops 200 Week #4 ACPB 6-pack 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 392707 8:49 Single 31740
2013-09-18 North Shuswap 200 ACPB 6-pack 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 392700 8:31 Single 30660
2013-09-17 Kamloops 200 Week #2 ACPB 6-pack 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 392692 8:09 Single 29340
2013-09-16 Kamloops 200 Week #1 ACPB 6-pack 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 392683 8:45 Single 31500
2013-07-20 Sorrento Brevet Weekend ACPB Make-up Brevets 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 70551 28:40 VP Single 103200
2013-06-29 Barkerville 1000 ACPB 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) DNF Single 999999998
2013-06-08 Southern Interior 600 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 69191 31:10 Single 112200
2013-05-25 Interior 400 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 92754 18:15 Single 65700
2013-05-11 Brookmere 300 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 141588 12:29 Single 44940
2013-04-20 Kamloops Spring 200 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 380853 8:20 Single 30000
2012-09-15 Southern Rambles 1000 - Kamloops start ACPB 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 7991 63:10 Single 227400
2012-07-22 Rocky Mountain 1200 RM Rocky Mountain 1200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 4994 69:58 Single 251880
2012-07-07 Interior Make Up 300 - Sorrento start ACPB Make-up Brevets 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 135309 13:38 Single 49080
2012-06-23 Cascades 1200 RM Cascade 1200 1200 Seattle International Randonneurs (947018) 83:49 Single 301740
2012-06-09 SI 600 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 66067 29:32 Single 106320
2012-05-26 Interior 400 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 88906 18:45 Single 67500
2012-05-12 Shorter Southern Rambles ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 129229 12:25 Single 44700
2012-04-21 Tour DeMilles ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 354353 9:19 VP Single 33540
2011-09-18 Fall Flatlander ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Lower Mainland (011602) 341042 8:07 Single 29220
2011-07-09 A River Runs Through It ACPB Make-up Brevets 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 339578 8:40 Single 31200
2011-07-01 Loopy Interior ACPB Spring Brevet Series 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 7439 57:20 Single 206400
2011-06-11 North Thompson 600 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 63556 25:30 Single 91800
2011-05-28 Kamloops Princeton ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 83697 17:25 Single 62700
2011-05-14 Dam to Dam to Dam ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 123568 15:25 VP Single 55500
2011-04-23 A River Runs Through It ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 335256 8:44 Single 31440
2011-04-02 Victoria ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 335204 10:28 Single 37680
2010-09-04 Kootenay Rocky ACPB 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 6848 54:47 Single 197220
2010-08-28 Little Fort Clinton ACPB Make-up Brevets 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 74803 18:20 Single 66000
2010-07-21 VanIsle 1200 RM VanIsle 1200 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 4268 64:45 Single 233100
2010-06-12 Shorter Southern Rambles ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 54334 30:55 Single 111300
2010-05-29 Interior 400 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 73611 15:30 Single 55800
2010-05-15 Kamloops - Shuswap ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 113936 11:20 Single 40800
2010-04-24 Kam - Falkland - Salmon Arm - Kam ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 306081 7:20 Single 26400
2009-09-20 Fall Unflatlander ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Lower Mainland (011602) 291118 7:34 Single 27240
2009-06-13 Rivers, Mines and Vines ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 50938 27:42 Single 99720
2009-05-30 Highway to Helmeken ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 69105 15:48 Single 56880
2009-05-16 Merritt ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 104273 13:30 Single 48600
2009-04-25 Kamloops - Salmon Arm - Falkland ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 284131 8:10 Single 29400
2008-08-30 Kamloops Kootenay ACPB Summer Brevet Series 1000 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 5498 59:40 Single 214800
2008-07-23 Rocky Mountain 1200 RM Rocky Mountain 1200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 68:09 Single 245340
2008-06-14 Monashee - Arrow Lakes ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 49724 26:11 Single 94260
2008-05-31 Grass and Rivers ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 66694 16:55 Single 60900
2008-05-17 Salmon Arm 300 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 99109 12:11 Single 43860
2008-04-26 The Harold 200 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 267316 8:12 Single 29520
2007-06-09 OK Falls ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 47195 25:26 Single 91560
2007-05-26 Cariboo Circuit ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 61493 16:35 Single 59700
2007-05-12 Sorrento 300 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 95127 11:42 Single 42120
2007-04-21 Kamloops - Logan Lake (counterclockwise) ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 258069 8:39 Single 31140
2006-09-09 Harrison Ford 200 ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 240816 7:52 Single 28320
2006-06-10 Kamloops - OK Falls - Kamloops ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 41534 34:54 Single 125640
2006-05-27 Avola 400 ACPB Summer Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 56135 16:35 Single 59700
2006-05-13 Sorrento Kelowna ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 84913 11:53 Single 42780
2006-04-15 Bay to Barn ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Lower Mainland (011602) 237904 10:47 Single 38820
2005-09-04 Nelson 400 ACPB Make-up Brevets 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 21:31 Single 77460
2005-06-11 Kootenay 600 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 39907 34:40 Single 124800
2005-05-28 Cherryville loop (counter clockwise?) ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) DNF Single 999999998
2005-05-07 Sorrento - Kelowna (counter clockwise?) ACPB Spring Brevet Series 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 81290 13:30 Single 48600
2005-04-23 756 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 230161 8:50 Single 31800
2004-09-04 Penticton 200 ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 225609 8:04 Single 29040
2004-07-21 Rocky Mountain 1200 RM Rocky Mountain 1200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 69:00 Single 248400
2004-06-12 717 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 38873 28:25 Single 102300
2004-05-29 Kamloops 400 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 53113 15:35 Single 56100
2004-05-08 697 ACPB 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 78835 11:20 Single 40800
2004-04-24 692 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 218313 7:37 Single 27420
2003-06-07 Valemount? ACPB Spring Brevet Series 600 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 37489 32:05 Single 115500
2003-05-24 Kamloops 400 ACPB Spring Brevet Series 400 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 48997 17:08 Single 61680
2003-05-03 632 ACPB 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 72913 11:57 Single 43020
2003-04-19 627 ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 207404 7:31 Single 27060
2002-04-27 555 ACPB 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 196575 7:55 Single 28500

Permanent Results

Individual Permanent Statistics to Date
Ride Date Event Distance Region Time Bicycle Class Sortable time
2024-11-03 Roll Up Yer Sleeves (2017) 202 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9:38 v Single 34680
2024-10-17 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops (2009) 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9:16 v Single 33360
2024-07-14 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops (2009) 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 7:45 v Single 27900
2024-02-02 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops (2009) 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 8:33 v Single 30780
2023-01-11 A River Runs Through It (2019) 205 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 10:04 v Single 36240
2022-12-09 A River Runs Through It (2019) 205 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9:58 v Single 35880
2022-11-02 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops (2009) 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 8:32 v Single 30720
2022-10-04 Douglas Lake Loop (2009) 206 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9:01 v Single 32460
2022-06-20 Okanagan Ski Touring (2019) 606 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 36:44 v Single 132240
2022-03-13 A River Runs Through It (2019) 205 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9:02 v Single 32520
2022-01-29 A River Runs Through It (2019) 205 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 10:37 v Single 38220
2019-12-01 A River Runs Through It 205 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9:22 v Single 33720
2019-10-14 Squaam Bay 211 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9:08 v Single 32880
2019-09-13 Okanagan Ski Touring 606 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 41:42 v Single 150120
2019-08-04 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 7:27 v Single 26820
2019-07-20 Spences Bridge 302 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 13:12 v Single 47520
2019-03-16 Sorrento-Kelowna 305 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 12:27 v Single 44820
2019-02-24 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9:17 v Single 33420
2019-01-26 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 8:55 v Single 32100
2017-12-02 Jeff's Route Tamed 205 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9:53 v Single 35580
2017-11-12 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9:10 v Single 33000
2017-10-14 Hardly a Ramble II 201 Unknown (Unknown) 9:45 v Single 35100
2017-08-26 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 8:16 v Single 29760
2017-07-08 Roll Up Yer Sleeves 202 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 8:49 v Single 31740
2017-03-25 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 8:30 v Single 30600
2017-02-25 Kelowna Enderby 202 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 10:57 v Single 39420
2017-01-28 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 10:25 v Single 37500
2016-11-12 Douglas Lake Loop 206 Unknown (Unknown) 9:02 v Single 32520
2016-08-19 Heart of the Kootenays 628 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 44:55 v Single 161700
2012-03-24 Hardly a Ramble 200 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 10:21 v Single 37260
2012-02-19 Peninsula 202 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 9:17 v Single 33420
2012-01-02 Peninsula 202 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 9:53 v Single 35580
2011-12-03 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9:28 v Single 34080
2011-11-05 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 8:58 v Single 32280
2011-10-15 Sorrento-Kelowna 300 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 12:09 v Single 43740
2011-09-22 Shorter Southern Rambles 304 Unknown (Unknown) 15:49 v Single 56940
2011-08-14 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 7:25 v Single 26700
2011-03-13 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 9:20 v Single 33600
2010-03-21 Sorrento-Kelowna 301 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 11:48 v Single 42480
2010-02-21 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 8:45 v Single 31500
2010-01-01 Peninsula 202 BC Randonneurs CC - Vancouver Island (011611) 9:28 v Single 34080
2009-12-01 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 8:34 v Single 30840
2009-11-01 Sorrento Falkland Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 8:30 v Single 30600
2009-10-10 Sorrento-Kelowna 301 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 12:49 v Single 46140
2009-08-05 Douglas Lake Loop 206 Unknown (Unknown) 9:30 v Single 34200
2009-07-19 Squam Bay 211 Unknown (Unknown) 8:51 v Single 31860
2009-03-22 Sorrento-Kelowna 301 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 13:14 v Single 47640
2009-02-21 Salmon Arm Kamloops 207 BC Randonneurs CC - Kamloops (011621) 8:50 v Single 31800

Flèche Results

Individual Flèche and Trace Statistics to Date
Ride Date Team Name Distance Ridden Time Bicycle Class Sortable time
2024-04-26 Weakened Warriers 2024 428 FIN v Single 999999993
2023-04-28 Weakened Warriers 2023 479 FIN v Single 999999993
2019-05-04 Weakened Warriors 481 FIN v Single 999999993
2018-05-04 Weakened Warriors 433 FIN v Single 999999993
2017-05-05 Weakened Warriors 427 FIN v Single 999999993
2016-05-06 Weakened Warriors 427 FIN v Single 999999993
2015-01-05 Local Boys Do Good 418 FIN v Single 999999993
2014-05-02 Fleche Test Dummies 421 FIN v Single 999999993
2013-05-03 Fleche Test Dummies 395 FIN v Single 999999993
2012-05-04 Fleche Test Dummies 396 FIN v Single 999999993
2011-05-06 Fleche Test Dummies 368 FIN v Single 999999993
2010-05-07 Fleche Test Dummies 449 FIN v Single 999999993
2009-05-08 Fleche Test Dummies 449 FIN v Single 999999993
2008-05-04 Fleche Test Dummies 470 FIN v Single 999999993
2006-05-07 Fleche Test Dummies 456 FIN v Single 999999993
* - Volunteering data is incomplete especially pre-2004.